... They put all the movies and when entrepreneurs were not getting anything went to a landlord, to search kung-fu or blaxploitations as Coffy, Coolie Institute ... When we really needed money programmed meetings of the Dragon and the five fingers deadly Kung-Fu!. I was left hanging there all day. A few weeks doing the business just me. Otherwise it is true that I love comics. My favorite hero was Luke Cage, hero for hire, a black superhero out of 70. "Quentin Tarantino
One of the events that have characterized the Marvel has always been, collecting in its pages the events, issues, trends ... each time. If we look at the comics Captain America in the late 60's and early 70, we see reflected, directly or indirectly, Watergate, the student revolts, black pride, Harlem became a hive about to explode ... arises that is where the Falcon, Winged avenger accompanying the Capi and ensure their black brothers. Around the same time come to USA Bruce Lee movies and the like, and sparks an unusual fever that fills martial arts schools across the country. Marvel does not waste time, and edited comics of Shang-Chi, kung-fu master, the multiracial children of Tigre, and the final Iron Fist. Similarly, the blaxploitation phenomenon was responded to in the company of Stan Lee. Of those who emerged as the most significant was Luke Cage aka Powerman: the spirit was embodied blaxploit (well drawn) in black superman more cool and badass. In 1972 appears the black superhero would have a more permanent collection was Powerman Luke Cage, hero for hire. Whose stories would last until 1986, or about 14 years. For several years, the Marvel Comics Group was influenced by fashion film, hence the characters taken out of each gender. Would leave the Western Two-Gun Kid, Kid Colt, Rawhide Kid, Ghost Rider, Ringo Kid ... World War II Sergeant Fury. The terror Tomb of Dracula, Zombie, Vampire Tales ... Martial arts Sang Chi, Iron Fist and The Sons of Tigre. Adventures in the jungle by Kazar, Shanna the She-Devil and Lorna. Spy films have their travel with Colonel Fury. Y desde 1971 irrumpieron las blaxploitation, películas principalmente de acción dirigidas al público afroamericano que deseaban identificarse con sus héroes amorales y viriles: Shaft, Superfly, Slaughter, Tommy Gibbs, Truck Turner, Hitman.... y sus heroinas orgullosas y esculturales: Cleopatra Jones, Coffy, Foxy Brown, TNT Jackson, Velvet Smooth... y la Marvel no se iba a quedar cruzada de brazos ante semejante filón.
Powerman era bien diferente a otros super-héroes hermanos de raza, ni estaba a la sombra del Capitán América como el Halcón, ni era un rey africano como Pantera Negra, tampoco un talento científico como Goliat Negro. Su origen es en la cárcel, where it ended up unfairly for drug possession. To achieve a reduction of his sentence undergoes a scientific experiment that just leaving the skin hard as steel. After escaping from prison and left for dead several years would pass from his collection to the danger of being discovered by his last prison. With a face reminiscent of blaxploitation star and former American football stars Jim Brown, Fred Williamson, Bernie Casey .... and an arrogance typical of black fighters of the time
(Muhammad Ali and Joseph Legrá)
and past (Jack Johnson),
only had to see what they let go to a super-villain the likes of Dr. Death, master of Latveria and nightmare of Fantastic 4: "Dr. What, we guys, nobody goes around with a tin can in the face and a name so comical. " In the early days the show was very different to what came later. Powerman
lived in a theater on 42nd Street where old westerns and projected only faced real super-villains of demolition, if Mr. Fish, Black Mariah, Cockroach Hamilton, Chemistro, Lionfang ... all in addition to being black, and FREAKS real losers were capitalized. Already beginning to be some recurring characters in the series as DW, nephew of the owner of the theater where Luke lives, Dr. Noah Burnstein, who authored the experiment that he fought like steel, and his then-girlfriend, Dr. Claire Temple, the former aide, journalist Phil Fox, who worked in the newspaper of Jonah Jameson, the Daily Bugle, and Cage was after investigating his past, he once stood the journalist and threatened to throw out the window, "Have not you seen Shaft?" he said, Flea, confident of our hero and a true leech, and Toby, blind musician who also passed information to Powerman.
at that time also appears as a guest in the collection of Spiderman, to be hired by the editor Jonah Jameson to end the climbing-walls a clean punch. Although he eventually made the pass and Cage forced to eat their tickets to chew cigars. Then spent some time replacing the Thing in Fantastic 4 is one of the defenders, but was a lone hero Powerman and returned to act on its own as a hero for hire, ie a super-hero who charged for their services, something that was not normal in the Marvel universe.
Daughters of the Dragon
If Powerman and Iron Fist were the embodiment of the blaxploitations and martial arts movies to the comic, the Daughters of the Dragon they were in the female version. Misty Knight Black was a former policeman who lost an arm because of a bomb planted by terrorists and replaced it by a bionic, wore a large Afro hairstyle reminiscent of the black activist Angela Davis and the blaxploiatation female protagonists, as they had a hard character and proud. His partner, Colleen Wing, daughter of an American father and Japanese mother, was an expert in martial arts and had a katana. Misty was the girlfriend of Iron Fist (the first interracial couple of the Marvel), and sometimes appeared beside him and Powerman and other independent adventures. We recall one in which Hong Kong is facing a drug czar that was addicted to heroin. This villain was unaware of the mechanical arm of our heroine of color, where he injected the drug, but his partner went really bad and gave him a really strong touch to the stories of this pair of detectives. It was published in Spain in the 70's by Vertex in our collection of Savage Tales, and included some nudes of the Wing. In the number two to publish Bizarre Adventure Forum (Planeta de Agostini) in its early years, dedicated to super-heroines included an adventure of the Daughters of the Dragon face a vampire, this story also overflowed sensuality.
closest thing to the Daughters Dragon we could find in the world of film is film Velvet Smooth (Michael Fink, 1976), edited in our country Vigers video with the title of Soft Velvet, where the group of girls detectives in this case were three: Smooth Velvet, Frankie and Ria, two black and one Hispanic, and was one of the girls of color, Velvet (played by Johnnie Hill), which took command and remembered enough to Misty Knight: aggressive, beautiful and sensual, an expert fighter and rude humor. Smooth Velvet
is perhaps one of the blaxploitations less budget and more thugs we have seen, and his choreography is full of footage of the actors face bonnet men ghetto. Fans of the Daughters of the Dragon can not miss Cleopatra Jones and the Casino of Gold (Charles Bait, 1975), where the fearless narcotics agent played by Tamara Dobson should go in this second adventure to China to fight against the evil Dragon Lady (Stella Stevens), and receive help from an agent in the country. In this case they are not detectives, they work for different governments, but the result is the same: blaxploitation, martial arts, interracial action and beautiful girls.
- Consul Eduardo Álvarez, Alfonso & Miguel Romero
The partnership with Iron Fist In 1977 the life of this super-hero when he gets to change proven innocent. Not return to jail, and when associated with Iron Fist, the typical American blonde boy but raised in Tibet, a real fighting machine and an expert in kung-fu. Are associated and have a prestigious lawyer. Powerman's when it abandoned by Claire Temple ("Cleopatra Jones I'm not even Misty Knight" he argued) and meets his new girlfriend, model-witted Armony Young. Also featured in the library the Daughters of the Dragon, detective agency formed by two women, Misty Knight and Colleen Wing, the first a black ex-cop girlfriend Iron Fist and the second is a half Japanese half American girl. Powerman and Iron Fist form a duo that will give joy to many readers with his tales of adventure where they are mixed with other enemies of the past today, such as Sabretooth, War Hawk, the demolition squad, the Living Monolith ... Despite two heroes together came from two modes as the blaxploitation films and martial arts cinema, when these two genera were no longer profitable, the series continued and surpassed those trends. Throughout the collection the two heroes of the same were rent in the worst slums of New York in the mismísmo Tibet. The series worked well for many years until in 1986, marks the 25 anniversary of the Marvel the then editor Jim Shooter, an expert in making the artists of the House of Ideas from switching to competitors (DC Comics), decided to close the library that would end with the death of a new character, Captain Hero, and adventures of our duo canceled.
Force Iron Fist The explosion in the American circuit of films like Bruce Lee and early 70's, led to a sweeping success of the kung-fu in the U.S. population. Marvel at such a vortex created by the martial arts character Sang-Chi, kung-fu master in a series of adventures that our raw country could be read on the Vertex Wild Stories. There were moments of racial tension in the USA, and this would lead to the emergence of the Sons of Tigre, a trio of Asian, black and white, the incorporation of a girl, Asian, cause the dissolution of the group, whose members then would come out regularly in the pages of Powerman and Iron Fist.
But Marvel was looking for a hero martial arts expert who was white, for most of your readers feel more identified. Born in 1974 so the character of Iron Fist, Danny Rand, a New York boy who would raise money in Tibet learning to use his body as a living weapon, and the concentration of which makes me believe the "iron fist", which is devastating blow. The idea came inspired by the film The five fingers of Kung-Fu (Chang Cheng Ho, 1972), played by Lo Lieh and produced by Shaw Brothers Warner Bros. took over distribution in the USA giving a lot of promotion and getting the most successful of the genre with films of Bruce Lee. In 1977, drawn by John Byrne and Chris Claremont script (who provided some of the best X-Men comics), Marvel decided to join the ways of Danny Rand and Luke Cage Iron Fist, a heart of stone, adventure which also involved the Daughters of the Dragon and Master Bush. The acceptance by the public joined so definitely the adventures of different heroes. The translation is in preparation to film Iron Fist, so far we only know that the manager will play Danny Rand Ray Park (The Phantom Menace), a martial arts specialist.
- Alfonso & Miguel Romero -
Restart Readers were remembering Powerman comics since the early 90's new collection is edited by Luke Cage, but with a new look: it no longer carries high cane yellow boots, but a military-style, nor his yellow shirts (Which always got broken) and his afro, replaced by one reminiscent of boxer Mike Tyson. Also carried away the chain belt. The new collection takes place in 1992, two decades after its first appearance, and no longer lives in the city of skyscrapers, but in Chicago, the Windy City. But it ended up dissolving their low sales. Would be at number 3 of a limited collection of Spiderman where Luke Cage returns to New York and was hired by the Daily Bugle to fight with the Scorpion, who has kidnapped his director Jonah Jameson. In a press conference again remind Powerman Muhammad Ali and Joseph Legrá, and is of again with his old friend Iron Fist, revived in a number of Namor's library. It also appears an unrecognizable Misty Knight, Colleen Wing and DW, who has inherited his uncle's film after his death. At the end of Spiderman and join after finishing with the Scorpion and rescue the cranky editor of the Bugle, return every man for himself until ...
A super-group called Heroes for Hire In the late 90's, Iron Fist with the help of the original Human Torch decides to create a super-group called Heroes for Hire and Powerman proposes to join them. At first refuses but finally back with his old partner and other super-heroes like the Hulk, Knight Black, a new version girl Tigre Blanco, and other super-heroes who go in and out of the series. In a recent issue tells Hulka Powerman origins and that his real name is Luke Cage, but Carl Lucas, the truth is that this series does not have as much prominence as Iron Fist. These new heroes to hire more reminiscent the old Defenders stories Powerman Duo-Iron Fist, and our protagonist is constantly changed clothes, up again to bring his trusty chain around his waist. This new series only reached number 19. Marvel Knights
These comics Luke recovers his original uniform, including boots yellow pirate, and was hired by Moon Knight to join with other super-heroes as the Black Widow lonely, Sang-Chi and Daredevil, who never saw the welcome addition of our protagonist the group because they rented their services. Powerman Who would be good friends with the kung-fu master, perhaps because they were as common friend Fist hierro.Epílogo the moment is that I know, what has been published in Spain, Luke Cage, a super-hero different among other things because he left the blaxploitation. Paradoxically though came from a film genre has never been our hero into a movie, but given the low fidelity to the original work of the Marvel heroes, that Jim Brown, Fred Williamson and Bernie Casey are now older, and that Hollywood can choose any whelp ... better that way!.
- Eduardo Alvarez Consul -
"Jim Brown at the origin of Powerman? is obvious that the appearance of Powerman is very similar to the color of the actors of his time Bernie Casey and, above all, Jim Brown. Besides the latter and the comic character kept more parallels. Jim Brown, born in 1935, would reach the top of football with the Cleveland Browns. As he did before Woody Strode, and parallel to it Fred Williamson Brown left the sport and directs his steps to the cinema, debuting in 1964 as one of the great protagonists of the political western Rio Conchos by Gordon Douglas. Following this would be part of The Dirty Dozen by Robert Aldrich in 1967. The following year came with Rock Hudson and Ernest Borgnine Polar Station Zebra by John Sturges, and begins to have major roles in movies like The distribution (Gordon Flemyng, 1968), The 100 Rifles (Tom Grier, 1969) or Tick ... tick ... tick (Ralph Nelson, 1969). In 1969, William Castle produced for Paramount and implementation of Buzz Kulik, Jim leads Mutiny with Gene Hackman (who'd agree with the year before in the cast), the first of his films about prison escapes. Riot, with some moments that are anticipated to blaxploitation, tells the story of a mutiny as false curtain to cover an escape from Brown only emerge victorious. The next year will also have to escape from prison at the beginning of the Condor, western produced by Andre de Toth, directed by John Gillermin and written by a Larry Cohen had just seen Django (Sergio Corbucci, 1966). With the advent of black action movies, our hero soon becomes one of the most important actors of the genre, starring Black Powder (Robert Hartford-Davis, 1972) or Operation Slaughter (Jack Starrett, 1972), in which he plays by first Once the guard Slaughter, paper repeated the following year in Slaughter, Douglas Gordon. In 1973 two films to intervene in prisons and flights, I escaped from Devil's Island, by W. Witney, and The slams, Jonathan Kaplan. In the first, Brown leads a small group of convicts trying to escape the prison island located in French Guyana from the mid-nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth day paradise for the rich. Jim in the end only managed to get away with it while his comrades perished in the attempt. If this is an adventure film more in the realm of pure action is The slams, released on video in our country with the same title, and aired on Antenna 3 and TCM in the early morning hours sometimes with the title A shock. Produced by Gene Corman for MGM / UA and performed by a young Jonathan Kaplan, Jim Brown is here Curtis Hook, who along with two associates steal a million dollars and end up dead, leaving Hook wounded sole survivor. Give their bones behind bars, but not before hiding the money they all crave. The cast: Judy Pace (regular at blaxploitation, Patrolman Lattimer, Men hard, cold breath ...), Paul E. Harris, Ted Cassidy (the butler from The Addams Family original TV) and Dick Miller in a cameo. The slam keeps many points in common with the origin of Powerman, published a year before, So if Jim Brown served to define the character of Luke Cage (both physically and in his adventures of prison escapes), Kaplan's film seems to have been based on comic Powerman. Whether these are mere conjecture or not, everything is a circle round the origin in the 80's, Marvel went back to look at The slams into a screenplay for The Punisher Circle of Blood ", published in Spain Forum in Marvel's library Heroes. About Jim Brown, in the decade of the 80 remain less active, back in the 90's a lot of titles, many by way of tribute: Fred Williamson recovered the old glories of the Hot 70 in city (Larry Cohen, 1995) Tim Burton requires his presence and that of Pam Grier in Mars Attacks! (1996), Spike Lee has him He got game (1998) and Oliver Stone is not by chance placed him as football coach in Any Given Sunday (1999). In addition to the documentary Jim Brown, all American man recently directed by Spike Lee. Respect to a translation to film of the adventures of Powerman, the idea is around for the studies since 1993, and still keep waiting. The question would be and not who would interpret it, but that time ambientarían character's history. For the public today is not very commercial place an action film 70. As they did with Blade (Stephen Norrington, 1998) where Hollywood was hosted recovered to a modified character in the original 90 and not the two decades prior, much more cocky and outspoken, wearing afro hair and a look between the black panthers and Shaft's Richard Roundtree.
- Alfonso & Miguel Romero - Black Superheroes
Believe it or not, the first black hero was a deplorable and stereotyped caricature went by the name of White Wash, and appeared in 1941, when the original Marvel (for then called Timely) had created the Young Allies Comics, where superheroes Bucky and Toro took part in World War 2 accompanied by several children. In 1963, Sergeant Fury collection appeared, among the motley group of commandos who accompanied Nick, a colored soldier named Gabe Jones, who before joining the army was jazz trumpeter. Gabe would reappear as an agent of Shield, in the collection that his friend was promoted to Colonel Fury.
would have to be in 1966 in the pages of Fantastic 4 where we would find that it can be considered the first black superhero. It was Black Panther, T'Challa real name, prince of the imaginary African country Wakanda. Black Panther later admitted to the roster of the Avengers, and also be part of the most powerful super-group of the Marvel universe, get a job teaching at a school in Harlem as an African-American more concerned about the situation of his people in full vindication of the civil rights movement led by Dr. Martin Luther King. Later this hero would face the notorious Ku Klux Klan. Already in the 80 would have to deal with white villains from an imaginary country that South Africa clearly remembered. Two years after the first occurrence of the above, came from the collection of Captain America one of the most memorable heroes of color, the Falcon, not only appeared as a sidekick Avenger crashed, it would to share the title, being the collection called "Captain America and the Falcon." This was his secret identity as a social worker in the New York neighborhood of Harlem. In various numbers of characters that collection got to know Tyler and his girlfriend Leila, a woman activist, or Rafe Michel, a rogue Falcon rival for the love of his girlfriend and who ran a street gang called the Silver Skulls. This problem area was dominated by black color gangster Morgan, an African version of Kingpin.
In the 70's, some black superheroes even get their own library is the aforementioned case of Black Panther's first Jungle Action library. Many stories were drawn by a young African American named Billy Graham, who gave another dimension to the character. Black Goliath would be another super-man who emerged in this decade, a color response to the avenger Goliath, whose collection would only last 5 numbers, and what would happen years later to join the ranks of ephemeral champions. And in the collection Tales appears Vampire Blade, the vampire hunter, armed with sticks is dedicated bloodsuckers Sticking to the streets of London and would end up allying himself with other enemies of Count Dracula. Made into a film in the 90's, Blade would become the first blockbuster the Marvel after several failures of other characters in the House of Ideas. Although the people of Hollywood took some license, as putting a half-vampire Blade in the comics when it was totally false. In the collection of Tomb of Dracula, the legendary Transylvanian Count bitten vampire Blade to make it without success, he was immune to their bites, having been given birth by a mother infected. " In 1972 would take place on the black superhero longer enjoyed its own collection, we refer to Powerman, which in these pages and we have dedicated an article. The most particular color of the heroes of the Marvel was Brother Voodoo I was born in Port au Prince (Haiti, the birthplace of voodoo), lay in the mysterious and magical New Orleans and communicated with their brethren beyond, as its name suggests was an expert in black magic. In his comics of the 70's, Brother Voodoo helped the black ghetto kids and wore African robes, reminding blaxploitations films of the decade. Among the super-villains in black include the giant Thunder Ball, which was the demolition squad, along with other white thugs: Bulldozer, Heron and Destroyer. They all faced colossal Thor, Iron Fist and take part in Secret Wars, but unfortunately in this series missed the band led by the destroyer lost their full potential. Another villain of the same race was the Condor, the then teenage Nova enemy. To complete two super-villains that pass into the side of good thanks to the intervention of Spiderman and ended up as partners as part of the Wild Bunch Marta Silver: These were the Marauder and the Rocket Racer.
- Eduardo Alvarez Consul -
first defeat in six rounds John, then two black boxers to the world champion shunned them an opportunity, first to Cleveland "Big Cat" Williams, considered the best hitter in the category when he defeated by technical KO the third assault, and the Cuban Nino Valdez, also defeated in the third assault. The fourth would be the German Willi Besmanoff that llearía the seven rounds. The year continued to be so inspired, he returned to beat the elite fighters of the heavy weights, and Howard King, and returned to win the rematch in Cleveland "Big Cat" Williams. Another defeat to Roy Harris, white Texan who had played the title with then champion Floyd Patterson. After just two other great black fighters to avoid giving Patterson a chance to dispute the crown. Despite criticism, Liston decided to use as a launching pad to catapult your career and to contest the world title. At first, Zora Folley, defeated him by TKO in the third assault, and second, Eddie Machen, defeated the points. After these two outstanding victories, Charles Sonny was the undisputed contender for the heavyweight crown, but the champion did not give her opportunity, and manager Cus D'Amato, the future coach Jose Torres and Mike Tyson, is dedicated to proclaim their criminal records to anyone who would listen, of course the sports media and fans did not think the same. Liston then bought out the contract to his manager, Pep Varone, and after having a manager that did not last at all, was put into the hands of Jack Nylon, a millionaire with no relationship to the world of boxing. Then, following their rehabilitation campaign, Patterson agreed to share the broadcasting by closed circuit two evenings. On December 4, 1961, Liston was faced with Germany Albert Westphal, German champions, who defeated the first assault, while defending his Patterson title in Toronto, Canada, against the unknown Tom Mc Neely, whom he defeated in the fourth assault. People still believed that Liston deserves a chance, to President John Kennedy came to request an opportunity to Liston for the world championship heavyweight. Before all this happened, President Kennedy had invited Floyd Patterson as the first world champion who regained the title after having lost it, Patterson said that the next opponent would Liston. Sonny himself said: "If I had told the president had not given me the opportunity, but when told the president of the United States something, do it." But Sonny Liston followed by placing stones on the road to fight for the title. The authorities of New York, then the fights were frequently held in the city of skyscrapers, were convinced that Liston had not severed links with the underworld, so he could not fight there. Where could I go?, Dr. Charles Larson, president of the National Boxing Association, which would do its utmost to not convene the Patterson-Liston fight, said, "If Liston to become champion before rehabilitation would be a catastrophe" . Tube to be Sir David Harrington Angus Douglas, twelfth Marquess of Queensberry, descendant of the eighth Marquess of Queensberry, the creator of the rules of modern boxing, who downplay the issue, "If now is not in jail is because he is at peace with the law, and if it is a good fighter has the right to fight with Patterson." By the time the civil rights movement, led by Dr. Martin Luther King, I was getting great progress integrating the black community, and saw Floyd Patterson as a brother who acted as a champion for the cause, and if Sonny Liston , ex-offenders and ex-convict, won, would bring problems to the civil rights movement. Percy Sutton, director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People made it clear: "I support Patterson because he represents us better than we could do Liston. " For many members of the black community, Liston was supposed to win back to the beginning now that black men were in the white mute was Liston came back to the beginning. The papers were distributed, the champion Floyd Patterson was the black well, and the applicant "Sonny" Liston was the bad black. On September 25, Charles "Sonny" finally getting the opportunity to dream of fighting for the championship of the heavyweights. Before starting the race, held at Comiskey Park in Chicago, several former world champions and a world champion went into the ring, Joe Louis, Rocky Marciano, Jim Bradock, Ingemar Johanson, Ezzard Charles, Barney Ross, Dick Tige, rArchie Moore was still active ... All the guests were applauded by the public, except a young boxer from Louisville, Kentucky, who won the gold medal of the Olympics in Rome in 1960, he was booed by the respected for his fame to speak more of the bill, Of course we are referring to Cassius Clay (not yet had entered Islam and changed his name to Muhammad Ali). In addition to singers and actors in the audience were people from the mafia who were in favor of Liston. In some ways it was like a tribute to Frankie Carbo, who had been honorary head encased in Alcatraz for illegal management (largely part by illegal management "Sonny" Liston) and extortion. The support of the gangsters should not be one of their own, but who thought Patterson a softy who spoke of his fears as a damsel, and followed his manager Cus D'Amato, whom they considered a CANTAMAÑANAS. For them, Floyd Patterson was the least like a world champion heavyweight "Patterson was a freak, a vegetarian or anything." The fight itself did not have much history, Liston stabbed his jabs and his right to the head, sending him to the canvas when only the first assault. "The way he fell I knew I would not get up" would Liston later. Patterson said "I want to fight him," what a journalist said "fight again?, Did you fought tonight?" Because Patterson had lasted only one minute to the newly proclaimed champion. Having conquered the world championship heavyweight "Sonny" Liston hoped people would forgive him all his criminal past. As he had said the 26 times world champion heavyweight Joe Louis from 1937 to 1948: "The only way to have" Sonny "Liston to change your life is to become world champion." When Liston was going to Philadelphia, his hometown, he told his friend Jack Mc Kinney, now that was world champion, thought to prove to everyone that was a new man, who wanted to meet the president and won the Association for the Advancement of Colored People, even if he had opted for Floyd Patterson, and visit the ghetto, the black churches, and I wanted to be a champion of the people. But when the plane landed in Philadelphia, no one expected, and the town hall was not the mayor, "This is what you get" he said, seeing that they did not want or APPC and was met at the White House. The rematch against Floyd Patterson, who would be the first defense of his title was, held in Las Vegas, a city very different from what is today, in fact, the promoters decided to be held there because it was a half-empty city, and was a mafia business with casinos, hotels and supermarkets. His manager, Jack Miton, wanted to be concluded on the outskirts of the city, which Liston refused because at that time had assumed that there could be an exemplary champion of race as his brothers Joe Louis, Jersey Joe Walcott and Floyd Patterson. Sonny and his wife Geraldine were delighted with Las Vegas, and when his manager came back to say he had to train on the outskirts of the city as a monk replied, "Go and take the ass, we were here." A journalist Patterson asked if he had not played in the first fight and if it would be better, what Sonny said, "Who pays for this fight is an idiot, it will be worse than the first." 
