THE UNCERTAIN AND MYSTERIOUS LIFE OF
"Hey Sonny, where'd you go?" wondered the Royal Crown Revue in his song "Hey Sonny, which belongs to the album Walk on fire. And is that the exponents of neo-swing, and Yankee culture lovers from the 40 general and boxing in particular, could not help dedicate a song to the "big ugly bear", a legend of the sport, whose death was never clear. About Sonny Liston, who incidentally, was sparring with Dorsey Burnette late 50's, speaks at length our partner Consul Eduardo Alvarez.
still remain a mystery many things in the life of a boxer as controversial, which is denied bread and salt at the time by his past criminal and his contact with the criminal underworld, to which we add to his death under mysterious circumstances. Charles "Sonny" Liston was born in 1932 (some date it earlier) within a family, telling him, amounted to a total of 25 siblings. His father, Tobe Liston was cotton picker in the state of Arkansas, and Sonny had only eight when Tobe put him pick cotton, rather than going to school due to poverty in the family that was Liston. The rule of his father was "if you're old enough to sit at the table also have to pick up a hoe." When his parents separated, he moved to Missouri with her mother and siblings. At first employment Curran honored, but with a miserable salary. I also went to school, where he has to endure the taunts of his classmates for being illiterate and his height. At age 16 is coupled with the worst kids in the neighborhood and are dedicated to raid shops and restaurants. From that time remember: "All I saw was a plate full of food." In the wanted list of the police was known as "black number one", was accused of armed robbery and robbery with violence. In 1950 he joined the Missouri State Penitentiary, known there in the prison's Catholic priest, Father Alois Stevenson, director of sports said criminal, which led him to the gym and led his first steps into the boxing. Liston told him: "It was the first man who talked to me instead of giving me orders." Stevenson's father put him in contact with two men in the boxing world that he sought to make a sparring session at the jail with a local heavy weight of some standing, Thurman Wilson. At the time, Liston was only an amateur, but in four rounds won by default, because Thurman refused to continue fighting. In 52, gets parole and began his career in amateur boxing, winning the championship of the Gold Glove, the most important title in the American amateur boxing, and from where future world champions. On September 2, 1953 debut as a professional, and weighing prior to combat, his rival, a veteran boxer named Don Smith, gave him the nickname "Sonny" (son) being an inexperienced fighter in boxing debut Payment . The promoter of the evening he liked the nickname and it showed. Indeed, Smith only lasted 33 seconds Liston. It is for that time when Sonny Liston has its first contacts with the world of the underworld, which in those days was very normal. His former manager, Monroe Harrison, sold his contract to Frank Mitchell, as well as being ruined was his sick wife. Michell was the cover of John Vitale, the biggest gangster City of St. Louis, where he had settled Sonny. Our hero was soon to meet his boss, John Vitale, who gave him work as a truck of bricks. But in truth I did was put at bay the black workers gave problems. While he made his life so suspicious, Liston chained his victories in the ring. Only Marty Marchall eluded him, which defeated the point. Marchall Liston apologized that he had been caught with their mouths open, "I was laughing," he said in the next two rematches with the only fighter who had defeated him. The first won by KO and then in the tiebreak points. The Sonny Liston's boxing career was pretty well until I returned to have trouble with the law, when in May 1956 has a racket with a police patrol is back behind bars. On leaving prison, moves back to Philadelphia with his wife Geraldine. They get the protection of two drug lords, Frankie Carbo and "Blinky" Palermo, who ruled the city. At that time the mob acted in boxing as a true bird of prey. Just see how the contract was Charles "Sonny" Liston, 52% was for Frankie Carbo, 12% for John Vitale, and 24% for him and his manager Pep Varone. Liston was the world champion last fall into the clutches of the mafia. Was the next great champion, Muhammad Ali, who broke those ties to be protected by the sect of the Nation of Islam. Then returns to box, and a live televised match defeat to Cuban Julio Mederos by KO in the third assault. It is when the American public discovers Sonny. Not hard to put into other boxers like Wayne Bethea (which he broke 7 teeth in 69 seconds it took the fight), Frankie Daniels (KO in the first assault), and Bert Whitehurst, who boxed to pay for medical school and although only managed to beat Liston points both times they fought, in the second game he saved by the bell. The year 1959 was decisive in the career of the great bear ugly. Although he fought four times with boxers were all important. Mike

first defeat in six rounds John, then two black boxers to the world champion shunned them an opportunity, first to Cleveland "Big Cat" Williams, considered the best hitter in the category when he defeated by technical KO the third assault, and the Cuban Nino Valdez, also defeated in the third assault. The fourth would be the German Willi Besmanoff that llearía the seven rounds. The year continued to be so inspired, he returned to beat the elite fighters of the heavy weights, and Howard King, and returned to win the rematch in Cleveland "Big Cat" Williams. Another defeat to Roy Harris, white Texan who had played the title with then champion Floyd Patterson. After just two other great black fighters to avoid giving Patterson a chance to dispute the crown. Despite criticism, Liston decided to use as a launching pad to catapult your career and to contest the world title. At first, Zora Folley, defeated him by TKO in the third assault, and second, Eddie Machen, defeated the points. After these two outstanding victories, Charles Sonny was the undisputed contender for the heavyweight crown, but the champion did not give her opportunity, and manager Cus D'Amato, the future coach Jose Torres and Mike Tyson, is dedicated to proclaim their criminal records to anyone who would listen, of course the sports media and fans did not think the same. Liston then bought out the contract to his manager, Pep Varone, and after having a manager that did not last at all, was put into the hands of Jack Nylon, a millionaire with no relationship to the world of boxing. Then, following their rehabilitation campaign, Patterson agreed to share the broadcasting by closed circuit two evenings. On December 4, 1961, Liston was faced with Germany Albert Westphal, German champions, who defeated the first assault, while defending his Patterson title in Toronto, Canada, against the unknown Tom Mc Neely, whom he defeated in the fourth assault. People still believed that Liston deserves a chance, to President John Kennedy came to request an opportunity to Liston for the world championship heavyweight. Before all this happened, President Kennedy had invited Floyd Patterson as the first world champion who regained the title after having lost it, Patterson said that the next opponent would Liston. Sonny himself said: "If I had told the president had not given me the opportunity, but when told the president of the United States something, do it." But Sonny Liston followed by placing stones on the road to fight for the title. The authorities of New York, then the fights were frequently held in the city of skyscrapers, were convinced that Liston had not severed links with the underworld, so he could not fight there. Where could I go?, Dr. Charles Larson, president of the National Boxing Association, which would do its utmost to not convene the Patterson-Liston fight, said, "If Liston to become champion before rehabilitation would be a catastrophe" . Tube to be Sir David Harrington Angus Douglas, twelfth Marquess of Queensberry, descendant of the eighth Marquess of Queensberry, the creator of the rules of modern boxing, who downplay the issue, "If now is not in jail is because he is at peace with the law, and if it is a good fighter has the right to fight with Patterson." By the time the civil rights movement, led by Dr. Martin Luther King, I was getting great progress integrating the black community, and saw Floyd Patterson as a brother who acted as a champion for the cause, and if Sonny Liston , ex-offenders and ex-convict, won, would bring problems to the civil rights movement. Percy Sutton, director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People made it clear: "I support Patterson because he represents us better than we could do Liston. " For many members of the black community, Liston was supposed to win back to the beginning now that black men were in the white mute was Liston came back to the beginning. The papers were distributed, the champion Floyd Patterson was the black well, and the applicant "Sonny" Liston was the bad black. On September 25, Charles "Sonny" finally getting the opportunity to dream of fighting for the championship of the heavyweights. Before starting the race, held at Comiskey Park in Chicago, several former world champions and a world champion went into the ring, Joe Louis, Rocky Marciano, Jim Bradock, Ingemar Johanson, Ezzard Charles, Barney Ross, Dick Tige, rArchie Moore was still active ... All the guests were applauded by the public, except a young boxer from Louisville, Kentucky, who won the gold medal of the Olympics in Rome in 1960, he was booed by the respected for his fame to speak more of the bill, Of course we are referring to Cassius Clay (not yet had entered Islam and changed his name to Muhammad Ali). In addition to singers and actors in the audience were people from the mafia who were in favor of Liston. In some ways it was like a tribute to Frankie Carbo, who had been honorary head encased in Alcatraz for illegal management (largely part by illegal management "Sonny" Liston) and extortion. The support of the gangsters should not be one of their own, but who thought Patterson a softy who spoke of his fears as a damsel, and followed his manager Cus D'Amato, whom they considered a CANTAMAÑANAS. For them, Floyd Patterson was the least like a world champion heavyweight "Patterson was a freak, a vegetarian or anything." The fight itself did not have much history, Liston stabbed his jabs and his right to the head, sending him to the canvas when only the first assault. "The way he fell I knew I would not get up" would Liston later. Patterson said "I want to fight him," what a journalist said "fight again?, Did you fought tonight?" Because Patterson had lasted only one minute to the newly proclaimed champion. Having conquered the world championship heavyweight "Sonny" Liston hoped people would forgive him all his criminal past. As he had said the 26 times world champion heavyweight Joe Louis from 1937 to 1948: "The only way to have" Sonny "Liston to change your life is to become world champion." When Liston was going to Philadelphia, his hometown, he told his friend Jack Mc Kinney, now that was world champion, thought to prove to everyone that was a new man, who wanted to meet the president and won the Association for the Advancement of Colored People, even if he had opted for Floyd Patterson, and visit the ghetto, the black churches, and I wanted to be a champion of the people. But when the plane landed in Philadelphia, no one expected, and the town hall was not the mayor, "This is what you get" he said, seeing that they did not want or APPC and was met at the White House. The rematch against Floyd Patterson, who would be the first defense of his title was, held in Las Vegas, a city very different from what is today, in fact, the promoters decided to be held there because it was a half-empty city, and was a mafia business with casinos, hotels and supermarkets. His manager, Jack Miton, wanted to be concluded on the outskirts of the city, which Liston refused because at that time had assumed that there could be an exemplary champion of race as his brothers Joe Louis, Jersey Joe Walcott and Floyd Patterson. Sonny and his wife Geraldine were delighted with Las Vegas, and when his manager came back to say he had to train on the outskirts of the city as a monk replied, "Go and take the ass, we were here." A journalist Patterson asked if he had not played in the first fight and if it would be better, what Sonny said, "Who pays for this fight is an idiot, it will be worse than the first."
The rematch was held on July 22, 1963, and a few days before the fight, a very young Cassius Clay Liston pursued by the city in the game (as did Jack Johnson in the early to the Canadian Tommy Burns given an opportunity to dispute the crown of the heavy weights), entering a night in a casino where he played the champion, and Clay began to laugh at him, Sonny pulled a revolver and began shooting, which he fled, then shot himself and everyone saw it was a blank gun. In the rematch against Patterson again shattered by KO in the first assault, the fight lasting more than four seconds earlier. After the match, Clay entered the ring and began to say that the fight was a fraud, which the Liston was a fraud, and that he was the true champion. When I went to go to the corner of Liston, three policemen arrested him. Cassius Clay, who was then predicted it would beat its rivals assault sputum Liston "I'm going to knock in the eighth, as he took his eight fingers in the air, and added" that does not make me wait!, In the eighth !. " Y Liston when he surrendered to the world championship belt he replied to Clay "This is something I never have." Although everyone asked for a match between Liston and Clay, the champion chose to give an exhibition tour of some countries in Europe, but had to return to his country when he published secret that he had two daughters: Mary, 17, and Eleanor , 12. If your real age was saying, some 31 years, "Sonny" had become a father at 14. Liston had to clean up its image and hired the legendary former heavyweight champion Joe Louis as a consultant and public relations, and agreed to hold talks with fans in the fitness while training and listened to the song "Night Train" by James Brown. The truth is that Joe Louis was there mostly to tell people what a good boy who had become "Sonny" Liston.
champion had just moved to Denver, and even there he was Cassius Clay with a bus that had bought recently, he had painted red and white, like in the movie The Harder They Fall, made it a headquarters on wheels, plus an advertising vehicle. With graffiti that read: The world's most colorful boxer, Liston fall in the eighth. Later, along with some friends, went to Sonny's house Liston, and came to Denver called all the newspapers and news agencies in the city for them to see a magnificent spectacle. They knocked on the door and went out himself Liston, Clay began to insult and provoke telling who dared to fight him. The neighbors ended up calling the police. Clay wanted to see him as a clown and a charlatan. After a fight in London in which Clay won the English boxer Henry Cooper, British champion and winner of the Commonwelt, by TKO, with many hardships and being saved by the bell on the ropes, clothing appeared on the Jack Nylon, manager Liston, who gave them the news: "I flew 5,000 km to communicate it, we are ready. "
Finally the young Cassius Clay was able to be given the opportunity to fight for the world title, although no one was the favorite after the difficulties he had to beat Henry Cooper. Liston's team did not see more than a prospect of easy money. The world title bout of heavy weights would take place on February 25 in Miami, the idea was that they were many tourists, although the promoters of the fight did not have them all along: Charles "Sonny" Liston was a black background and former inmate linked to the mafia, and a black candidate charlatan Cassius Clay and daring that was related to the Black Muslims Nation of Islam. Moreover, Malcolm X, Minister of the Nation of Islam, had become a close friend of Clay and gone to see him in training camp. Promoters Malcolm X convinced to leave the city and return the day of battle, giving instead a front row seat, the number 7, near the corner of the applicant. The official weigh-in day, Cassius Clay was leading the championship, warming the atmosphere accompanied by their coaches Bundee Angelo, Drew "Bundini" Brown, the legendary former world champion welterweight and a half Ray "Sugar" Robinson, and one of its managers, Clay then as a group had representatives from his hometown sponsor. He was shouting "I'm more handsome boxer in the world", "That big ugly bear Liston's fall in the eighth assault", "In the eighth assault will see that I am the best." Clay made so much noise that they put a $ 2,500 fine he fell from his bag of combat. After weighing the medical evidence, everyone thought he was afraid of Liston. The big bear was quite sure ugly defeat Clay, just as everyone was, they saw the candidate as a charlatan with no punch whatsoever. When the champion entered the ring was even one who shouted "Kill the black, Sonny! "And Clay said Liston, who was wearing a seat belt world champion," Why do want that, "To hold you pants?". Everyone wondered how much it would cost to defeat Liston Clay, and in the first four rounds failed to punish the first contender to shock while it danced around him without stopping to insult and laugh at his expense, throwing jabs that I put in evidence and had produced several cuts had even been ready to send him to the canvas. At the end of the fourth assault, Clay told his trainer Angelo Bundee not see a thing, it was said that Liston had a líquido en los guantes, aunque Clay años después dijo que era árnica que le habían puesto en los músculos y que le habían rosado sin querer. El aspirante quería abandonar, pero Angelo Dundee no le dejó, a sabiendas que no le volverían a dar otra oportunidad para el gran título, le puso agua en los ojos y le dijo “¡Sal ahí y no pares de correr!”. Clay aguantó a Liston el asalto que llevaba éste ganando por puntos, pero al siguiente y ya con la vista más despejada, siguió lanzándole golpes a un Liston que estaba pagando su edad y el no haberse cuidado mucho para la pelea. Al término del sexto asalto el campeón decidió no continuar, perdiendo por K.O. técnico and getting the belt Clay world heavyweight. Nothing but the referee announced the verdict, Clay ran around the ring yelling at reporters who had not hard for him, "Now you swallow your words!". In those days nobody could believe, Liston's reputation was in tatters by refusing to continue and lose by default. Even in prison where he had been Liston as a prisoner, when he finished the retransmission of fighting on TV, the prisoners were taken to mocking his defeat and the cries were heard even beyond the walls. The big ugly bear claimed he was injured, the doctor of the boxing commission I found a shoulder injury, but nobody believed him. Meanwhile, Clay in the press conference announced its membership in the Nation of Islam, and announced that it would not be called Cassius Clay JR., But Muhammad Ali, which he did after the World Boxing Association did not recognize him as champion. But the World Boxing Council itself recognized it as such. There was still time to sign the rematch between Ali and Liston, would take place on November 16, 1964 in Boston. "Sonny" Liston was prepared as best he could, as in the beginning of his career, doing what is usually done in preparation for a boxing match, and even got to work with an arts instructor martial gain agility, training in judo and karate club. The new champion is also prepared to fund, and she knew that his opponent was not a boy, and the promoters of the fight were rubbing their hands up to stand in fire, as well as good box office that they were making, were broadcasting rights radio and television. But the fight had to be postponed because Ali had to operate to a hernia, delaying the war until May 25, 1965, taking place in Lewiston, Maine, instead of Boston. Lewiston, despite being a small town, a large tube security measures, it was very recently the murder of Malcolm X. Ali had left to be your friend on the dissent of Malcolm with Elijah Muhammad, leader of the Nation of Islam, and it was rumored that the dead would fall next world champion heavyweight.
HOSTS ON THE SCREEN Liston
The figure has been repeatedly depicted in the film, but so far always conditioned by the leadership of Mohamed Ali. The first time I was in the film The Greatest (The Greatest), conducted in 197? By Tom Gries and Monte Hellman, based on the autobiography of the same title. Needless to say that Ali himself played himself. This time the role went to Roger E. Liston Mosley, the blaxploitations regular face at the time (Hitman, Preacher, Goldie the pimp ...). This film is easily found on video and DVD in the catalog of Columbia. In the recent Ali (Michael Mann, 2001), Michael Bentt, an actor with only a few titles in his career, who plays former world champion, while the star Will Smith plays the star of the film. But remember that in 1995, Jeff Lieberman, author of cult films like Worms (1976) and Blue Flash (1976) - director of TV 60-minute documentary The Mysterious Life and Death of a champion, available on video import . While we must acknowledge the success of the film by Michael Mann, that next year is released in theaters (who knows if in Spain will to the big screen) Night train, where the manager to give life to the "Big Ugly Bear" is Ving Rhames, who was recently seen playing a world heavyweight champion in the latest film by Walter Hill, Undefeated (2002). Night Train has a script by Shane Salerno (Shaft) and director William Friedkin (The Exorcist, The Hunt, Runaway ...) While waiting for your arrival, we can see some of his fights on VHS in the library Boxing, and the documentary about Muhammad Ali released on VHS and DVD shortly before the film Mann.
- Alfonso & Miguel Romero -
The fight did not have much history, as Ali got rid of him in the first assault, and then began challenging while Liston was lying on the floor and next to the referee, former world heavyweight champion Jersey Joe Walcott. After that fight, the big ugly bear would never be the same, take a year to return to step into a ring. On his return spent years fighting in Europe, in Sweden to be exact, beating mediocre boxers category. His claims of being back among the best collapsed when he lost to his former sparring Leotis Martin in the ninth assault. His next fight was against Chuck Werner, future aspirant to the crown in 1975 world heavyweight then that would show Muhammad Ali, after regaining the title against George Foreman, and which Sylvester Stallone was inspired to create a Rocky Balboa. Liston beat him by TKO in the tenth assault, and Werner had to put 57 stitches. That would be the last fight of our hero, then six months later, on December 30, 1970 his wife found him dead in his home in Las Vegas. Geraldine had gone to visit his mother when he found the body on his return he had died two days.
Death "Sonny" Liston is still one of the great mysteries in the history of boxing. Doctors detected an overdose of heroin, but police environments was rumored that he was killed. Charles "Sonny" Liston had a funeral much like Las Vegas, at the funeral people were at the forefront of entertainment, for Ella Fitzgerald, Doris Day, Ed Sullivan and his colleague Joe Louis. The Mass celebrated his friend, Father Murphy, who flew in from Denver and said, "Of the dead speak only be good" and "Sonny had virtues that few knew, while Liston coffin toured the Strip Boulevard Avenue most important of Las Vegas, one last time. As well summarized Father Murphy "We were using all their life and after death you were using. There was another show in Las Vegas. May God be worth. " On his tombstone reads "Charles Sonny Liston. 1932-1970. A man. "
- Eduardo Alvarez Consul -